Comparáid Phraghanna Peitreal agus Díosel — 2010–2026
Forbhreathnú bunaithe ar Bhulláin Ola Sheachtainiúil an Choimisiúin Eorpach, ag comparáid phraghanna breosla trasna na 27 ballstát AE go léir. Tá praghanna meánbhliantúla (EUR/liter), luachanna i bhfoirinn Ungáireach, ábhar cáin, agus comparáid ar leith ar chomharsana na Húngáire sa táblaí. Clúdaíonn ár anailís éifeachtaí phraighniú rialaithe agus treochóirí an mhargaidh domhanda.
Euro-super 95 benzin — EUR/liter — █ imlíne gheal: pragha is saoire | █ imlíne dhearg: pragha glan is saoire (gan cháin) | téacs geal: pragha rialaithe
| Tír | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026* | Cáin% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🇦🇹 An Ostair | 1.19 | 1.32 | 1.42 | 1.36 | 1.33 | 1.16 | 1.08 | 1.16 | 1.24 | 1.22 | 1.07 | 1.24 | 1.75 | 1.52 | 1.52 | 1.50 | 1.64 | 55% |
| 🇧🇪 An Bheilg | 1.41 | 1.53 | 1.63 | 1.56 | 1.53 | 1.34 | 1.27 | 1.34 | 1.42 | 1.40 | 1.25 | 1.42 | 1.88 | 1.70 | 1.70 | 1.68 | 1.78 | 59% |
| 🇧🇬 An Bhulgáir | 0.95 | 1.08 | 1.18 | 1.14 | 1.10 | 0.94 | 0.88 | 0.96 | 1.02 | 1.02 | 0.88 | 1.04 | 1.39 | 1.22 | 1.18 | 1.20 | 1.27 | 46% |
| 🇭🇷 An Chróit | 1.15 | 1.29 | 1.37 | 1.34 | 1.32 | 1.14 | 1.07 | 1.16 | 1.22 | 1.21 | 1.06 | 1.20 | 1.59 | 1.38 | 1.42 | 1.40 | 1.55 | 52% |
| 🇨🇾 An Chipir | 1.06 | 1.18 | 1.28 | 1.24 | 1.22 | 1.06 | 0.99 | 1.08 | 1.16 | 1.14 | 1.02 | 1.16 | 1.52 | 1.36 | 1.38 | 1.36 | 1.48 | 49% |
| 🇨🇿 An tSeicia | 1.18 | 1.32 | 1.40 | 1.32 | 1.28 | 1.08 | 1.00 | 1.10 | 1.19 | 1.18 | 1.04 | 1.22 | 1.72 | 1.48 | 1.44 | 1.42 | 1.55 | 52% |
| 🇩🇰 An Danmhairg | 1.41 | 1.52 | 1.60 | 1.56 | 1.55 | 1.36 | 1.30 | 1.38 | 1.48 | 1.46 | 1.30 | 1.46 | 2.02 | 1.76 | 1.78 | 1.76 | 1.88 | 58% |
| 🇪🇪 An Eastóin | 1.09 | 1.22 | 1.30 | 1.26 | 1.23 | 1.08 | 1.02 | 1.12 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.04 | 1.22 | 1.72 | 1.50 | 1.52 | 1.50 | 1.60 | 54% |
| 🇫🇮 An Fhionlainn | 1.42 | 1.54 | 1.63 | 1.58 | 1.58 | 1.40 | 1.35 | 1.42 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.35 | 1.52 | 2.08 | 1.80 | 1.82 | 1.80 | 1.92 | 61% |
| 🇫🇷 An Fhrainc | 1.38 | 1.48 | 1.58 | 1.50 | 1.48 | 1.30 | 1.26 | 1.36 | 1.46 | 1.44 | 1.30 | 1.46 | 1.87 | 1.72 | 1.75 | 1.72 | 1.82 | 60% |
| 🇩🇪 An Ghearmáin | 1.38 | 1.50 | 1.59 | 1.52 | 1.48 | 1.30 | 1.24 | 1.32 | 1.40 | 1.38 | 1.23 | 1.42 | 1.90 | 1.68 | 1.72 | 1.70 | 1.80 | 57% |
| 🇬🇷 An Ghréig | 1.38 | 1.55 | 1.65 | 1.58 | 1.55 | 1.38 | 1.30 | 1.40 | 1.50 | 1.48 | 1.32 | 1.48 | 1.95 | 1.72 | 1.72 | 1.70 | 1.85 | 57% |
| 🇭🇺 An Ungáir | 1.18 | 1.28 | 1.36 | 1.28 | 1.24 | 1.08 | 0.99 | 1.08 | 1.14 | 1.14 | 1.01 | 1.14 | 1.24† | 1.58 | 1.46 | 1.44 | 1.46 | 50% |
| 🇮🇪 Éire | 1.28 | 1.42 | 1.55 | 1.48 | 1.47 | 1.28 | 1.22 | 1.30 | 1.38 | 1.36 | 1.24 | 1.38 | 1.88 | 1.66 | 1.68 | 1.66 | 1.76 | 57% |
| 🇮🇹 An Iodáil | 1.38 | 1.54 | 1.72 | 1.64 | 1.60 | 1.46 | 1.38 | 1.44 | 1.52 | 1.50 | 1.34 | 1.52 | 1.93 | 1.76 | 1.78 | 1.76 | 1.86 | 62% |
| 🇱🇻 An Laitvia | 1.02 | 1.16 | 1.28 | 1.24 | 1.22 | 1.06 | 1.01 | 1.10 | 1.18 | 1.18 | 1.04 | 1.20 | 1.70 | 1.46 | 1.48 | 1.46 | 1.56 | 52% |
| 🇱🇹 An Liotuáin | 1.04 | 1.18 | 1.30 | 1.24 | 1.20 | 1.04 | 0.99 | 1.08 | 1.15 | 1.14 | 1.01 | 1.16 | 1.62 | 1.40 | 1.42 | 1.40 | 1.52 | 51% |
| 🇱🇺 Luxemburg | 1.12 | 1.24 | 1.32 | 1.26 | 1.22 | 1.06 | 1.00 | 1.08 | 1.15 | 1.14 | 1.02 | 1.16 | 1.64 | 1.42 | 1.42 | 1.40 | 1.50 | 50% |
| 🇲🇹 Málta | 1.18 | 1.28 | 1.38 | 1.36 | 1.32 | 1.22 | 1.16 | 1.18 | 1.21 | 1.20 | 1.14 | 1.18 | 1.40 | 1.36 | 1.34 | 1.36 | 1.39 | 45% |
| 🇳🇱 An Ísiltír | 1.56 | 1.68 | 1.77 | 1.72 | 1.68 | 1.52 | 1.44 | 1.52 | 1.60 | 1.58 | 1.46 | 1.62 | 2.12 | 1.92 | 1.98 | 1.96 | 2.17 | 65% |
| 🇵🇱 An Pholainn | 1.07 | 1.18 | 1.28 | 1.22 | 1.17 | 1.00 | 0.94 | 1.02 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 0.98 | 1.12 | 1.46 | 1.36 | 1.38 | 1.36 | 1.46 | 48% |
| 🇵🇹 An Phortaingéil | 1.35 | 1.48 | 1.56 | 1.48 | 1.48 | 1.30 | 1.28 | 1.36 | 1.44 | 1.42 | 1.28 | 1.42 | 1.88 | 1.66 | 1.68 | 1.66 | 1.76 | 59% |
| 🇷🇴 An Rómáin | 1.05 | 1.16 | 1.24 | 1.20 | 1.18 | 1.06 | 0.99 | 1.08 | 1.13 | 1.12 | 0.98 | 1.12 | 1.55 | 1.35 | 1.38 | 1.36 | 1.48 | 48% |
| 🇸🇰 An tSlóvaic | 1.22 | 1.34 | 1.44 | 1.38 | 1.34 | 1.16 | 1.08 | 1.18 | 1.24 | 1.24 | 1.08 | 1.26 | 1.71 | 1.52 | 1.52 | 1.50 | 1.62 | 55% |
| 🇸🇮 An tSlóivéin | 1.16 | 1.30 | 1.39 | 1.36 | 1.33 | 1.15 | 1.09 | 1.17 | 1.24 | 1.22 | 1.07 | 1.22 | 1.58 | 1.40 | 1.46 | 1.44 | 1.56 | 53% |
| 🇪🇸 An Spáinn | 1.16 | 1.28 | 1.37 | 1.32 | 1.30 | 1.14 | 1.08 | 1.16 | 1.24 | 1.22 | 1.08 | 1.22 | 1.72 | 1.50 | 1.52 | 1.50 | 1.60 | 52% |
| 🇸🇪 An tSualainn | 1.35 | 1.48 | 1.55 | 1.50 | 1.48 | 1.32 | 1.28 | 1.36 | 1.45 | 1.44 | 1.28 | 1.44 | 1.98 | 1.72 | 1.72 | 1.70 | 1.82 | 58% |
| Tír | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🇦🇹 An Ostair | 325 | 367 | 410 | 406 | 409 | 359 | 338 | 359 | 396 | 399 | 382 | 443 | 682 | 546 | 585 | 577 | 637 |
| 🇧🇪 An Bheilg | 385 | 426 | 471 | 465 | 470 | 415 | 397 | 415 | 454 | 458 | 446 | 508 | 732 | 611 | 654 | 646 | 692 |
| 🇧🇬 An Bhulgáir | 259 | 301 | 341 | 340 | 338 | 291 | 275 | 297 | 326 | 333 | 314 | 372 | 542 | 438 | 454 | 462 | 494 |
| 🇭🇷 An Chróit | 314 | 359 | 396 | 400 | 406 | 353 | 334 | 359 | 390 | 396 | 378 | 429 | 619 | 496 | 546 | 539 | 602 |
| 🇨🇾 An Chipir | 289 | 329 | 370 | 370 | 375 | 328 | 309 | 334 | 371 | 373 | 364 | 414 | 592 | 489 | 531 | 523 | 575 |
| 🇨🇿 An tSeicia | 322 | 368 | 405 | 394 | 393 | 334 | 313 | 341 | 380 | 386 | 371 | 436 | 670 | 532 | 554 | 546 | 602 |
| 🇩🇰 An Danmhairg | 385 | 423 | 463 | 465 | 477 | 421 | 406 | 427 | 473 | 477 | 464 | 522 | 787 | 632 | 685 | 677 | 731 |
| 🇪🇪 An Eastóin | 298 | 340 | 376 | 376 | 378 | 334 | 319 | 347 | 384 | 392 | 371 | 436 | 670 | 539 | 585 | 577 | 622 |
| 🇫🇮 An Fhionlainn | 388 | 429 | 471 | 471 | 486 | 434 | 422 | 440 | 480 | 490 | 482 | 543 | 810 | 647 | 700 | 693 | 746 |
| 🇫🇷 An Fhrainc | 377 | 412 | 457 | 448 | 455 | 402 | 394 | 421 | 467 | 471 | 464 | 522 | 729 | 618 | 673 | 662 | 708 |
| 🇩🇪 An Ghearmáin | 377 | 418 | 460 | 454 | 455 | 402 | 388 | 409 | 448 | 451 | 439 | 508 | 740 | 604 | 662 | 654 | 700 |
| 🇬🇷 An Ghréig | 377 | 432 | 477 | 471 | 477 | 427 | 406 | 434 | 480 | 484 | 471 | 529 | 760 | 618 | 662 | 654 | 719 |
| 🇭🇺 An Ungáir | 322 | 356 | 393 | 382 | 381 | 334 | 309 | 334 | 365 | 373 | 361 | 407 | 480† | 567 | 562 | 554 | 568 |
| 🇮🇪 Éire | 350 | 395 | 448 | 442 | 452 | 396 | 381 | 402 | 441 | 445 | 442 | 493 | 732 | 596 | 646 | 639 | 684 |
| 🇮🇹 An Iodáil | 377 | 429 | 497 | 489 | 492 | 452 | 431 | 446 | 486 | 490 | 478 | 543 | 752 | 632 | 685 | 677 | 723 |
| 🇱🇻 An Laitvia | 279 | 323 | 370 | 370 | 375 | 328 | 316 | 341 | 377 | 386 | 371 | 429 | 662 | 525 | 569 | 562 | 606 |
| 🇱🇹 An Liotuáin | 284 | 329 | 376 | 370 | 369 | 322 | 309 | 334 | 368 | 373 | 360 | 414 | 631 | 503 | 546 | 539 | 591 |
| 🇱🇺 Luxemburg | 306 | 345 | 382 | 376 | 375 | 328 | 313 | 334 | 368 | 373 | 364 | 414 | 639 | 510 | 546 | 539 | 583 |
| 🇲🇹 Málta | 322 | 356 | 399 | 406 | 406 | 378 | 363 | 365 | 387 | 392 | 407 | 422 | 545 | 489 | 515 | 523 | 540 |
| 🇳🇱 An Ísiltír | 426 | 468 | 512 | 513 | 516 | 470 | 450 | 470 | 512 | 517 | 521 | 579 | 826 | 690 | 762 | 754 | 844 |
| 🇵🇱 An Pholainn | 292 | 329 | 370 | 364 | 360 | 309 | 294 | 316 | 352 | 360 | 350 | 400 | 569 | 489 | 531 | 523 | 568 |
| 🇵🇹 An Phortaingéil | 369 | 412 | 451 | 442 | 455 | 402 | 400 | 421 | 461 | 464 | 457 | 508 | 732 | 596 | 646 | 639 | 684 |
| 🇷🇴 An Rómáin | 287 | 323 | 359 | 358 | 363 | 328 | 309 | 334 | 361 | 366 | 350 | 400 | 604 | 485 | 531 | 523 | 575 |
| 🇸🇰 An tSlóvaic | 333 | 373 | 416 | 412 | 412 | 359 | 338 | 365 | 396 | 406 | 385 | 450 | 666 | 546 | 585 | 577 | 630 |
| 🇸🇮 An tSlóivéin | 317 | 362 | 402 | 406 | 409 | 356 | 341 | 362 | 396 | 399 | 382 | 436 | 616 | 503 | 562 | 554 | 606 |
| 🇪🇸 An Spáinn | 317 | 356 | 396 | 394 | 400 | 353 | 338 | 359 | 396 | 399 | 385 | 436 | 670 | 539 | 585 | 577 | 622 |
| 🇸🇪 An tSualainn | 369 | 412 | 448 | 448 | 455 | 409 | 400 | 421 | 464 | 471 | 457 | 515 | 771 | 618 | 662 | 654 | 708 |
Euro-super 95, díosel — EUR/liter — █ imlíne gheal: pragha fút is saoire | █ imlíne dhearg: pragha glan is saoire (gan cháin)
| Bliain | 🇭🇺 Hungária | 🇦🇹 Ostair | 🇸🇰 Slóvaic | 🇺🇦 an Úcráin* | 🇷🇴 Rómáin | 🇭🇷 an Chróit | 🇸🇮 an tSlóivin | 🇷🇸 an tSeirbia* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TIMTHRIALL ORBÁN I–II (2010–2014) | ||||||||
| 2010 | 1.18 | 1.19 | 1.22 | 0.75 | 1.05 | 1.15 | 1.16 | 1.05 |
| 2011 | 1.28 | 1.35 | 1.37 | 0.82 | 1.16 | 1.29 | 1.30 | 1.18 |
| 2012 | 1.36 | 1.42 | 1.44 | 0.92 | 1.24 | 1.37 | 1.39 | 1.26 |
| 2013 | 1.28 | 1.36 | 1.38 | 0.88 | 1.20 | 1.34 | 1.36 | 1.20 |
| 2014 | 1.24 | 1.33 | 1.34 | 0.82 | 1.18 | 1.32 | 1.33 | 1.18 |
| TIMTHRIALL ORBÁN III (2014–2018) | ||||||||
| 2015 | 1.08 | 1.16 | 1.16 | 0.65 | 1.06 | 1.14 | 1.15 | 1.04 |
| 2016 | 0.99 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 0.60 | 0.99 | 1.07 | 1.09 | 0.98 |
| 2017 | 1.08 | 1.16 | 1.18 | 0.72 | 1.08 | 1.16 | 1.17 | 1.08 |
| 2018 | 1.14 | 1.24 | 1.24 | 0.78 | 1.13 | 1.22 | 1.24 | 1.14 |
| TIMTHRIALL ORBÁN IV (2018–2022) | ||||||||
| 2019 | 1.14 | 1.22 | 1.24 | 0.80 | 1.12 | 1.21 | 1.22 | 1.12 |
| 2020 | 1.01 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 0.68 | 0.98 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 0.98 |
| 2021 | 1.14 | 1.24 | 1.26 | 0.85 | 1.12 | 1.20 | 1.22 | 1.14 |
| 2022 | 1.24† | 1.75 | 1.71 | — | 1.55 | 1.59 | 1.58 | 1.44 |
| TIMTHRIALL ORBÁN V (2022–2026) | ||||||||
| 2023 | 1.58 | 1.52 | 1.52 | — | 1.35 | 1.38 | 1.40 | 1.32 |
| 2024 | 1.46 | 1.52 | 1.52 | — | 1.38 | 1.42 | 1.46 | 1.34 |
| 2025 | 1.44 | 1.50 | 1.50 | — | 1.36 | 1.40 | 1.44 | 1.32 |
| 2026* | 1.46 | 1.64 | 1.62 | — | 1.48 | 1.55 | 1.56 | 1.42 |
| Bliain | 🇭🇺 Hungária | 🇦🇹 Ostair | 🇸🇰 Slóvaic | 🇺🇦 an Úcráin* | 🇷🇴 Rómáin | 🇭🇷 an Chróit | 🇸🇮 an tSlóivin | 🇷🇸 an tSeirbia* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TIMTHRIALL ORBÁN I–II (2010–2014) | ||||||||
| 2010 | 1.12 | 1.10 | 1.12 | 0.68 | 0.98 | 1.07 | 1.05 | 1.02 |
| 2011 | 1.25 | 1.28 | 1.28 | 0.78 | 1.12 | 1.22 | 1.20 | 1.15 |
| 2012 | 1.34 | 1.35 | 1.36 | 0.88 | 1.22 | 1.30 | 1.32 | 1.24 |
| 2013 | 1.28 | 1.28 | 1.30 | 0.82 | 1.18 | 1.24 | 1.26 | 1.18 |
| 2014 | 1.20 | 1.22 | 1.24 | 0.78 | 1.16 | 1.22 | 1.22 | 1.14 |
| TIMTHRIALL ORBÁN III (2014–2018) | ||||||||
| 2015 | 1.02 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 0.58 | 1.00 | 1.04 | 1.02 | 0.98 |
| 2016 | 0.96 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 0.55 | 0.94 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.95 |
| 2017 | 1.05 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 0.68 | 1.05 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.04 |
| 2018 | 1.14 | 1.18 | 1.18 | 0.75 | 1.12 | 1.17 | 1.18 | 1.12 |
| TIMTHRIALL ORBÁN IV (2018–2022) | ||||||||
| 2019 | 1.12 | 1.18 | 1.16 | 0.76 | 1.10 | 1.15 | 1.16 | 1.10 |
| 2020 | 0.99 | 1.02 | 1.00 | 0.65 | 0.95 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.96 |
| 2021 | 1.14 | 1.22 | 1.20 | 0.82 | 1.14 | 1.16 | 1.18 | 1.12 |
| 2022 | 1.24† | 1.78 | 1.70 | — | 1.58 | 1.54 | 1.56 | 1.46 |
| TIMTHRIALL ORBÁN V (2022–2026) | ||||||||
| 2023 | 1.60 | 1.55 | 1.52 | — | 1.40 | 1.38 | 1.42 | 1.34 |
| 2024 | 1.52 | 1.55 | 1.52 | — | 1.42 | 1.44 | 1.48 | 1.38 |
| 2025 | 1.50 | 1.52 | 1.48 | — | 1.40 | 1.42 | 1.46 | 1.36 |
| 2026* | 1.53 | 1.68 | 1.65 | — | 1.52 | 1.58 | 1.60 | 1.48 |
Cé mhéad faoin gcéad den phragha miondíola atá cáin (dualgas acastóir + CBL) — 2025 meastacháin
| Tír | Cáin Phéitreal % | Cáin Dhíosail % | Ráta CBL | Dualgas Acastóir (€/l) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🇳🇱 An Ísiltír | 65% | 57% | 21% | 0.845 |
| 🇮🇹 An Iodáil | 62% | 58% | 22% | 0.713 |
| 🇫🇮 An Fhionlainn | 61% | 55% | 25,5% | 0.704 |
| 🇫🇷 An Fhrainc | 60% | 57% | 20% | 0.691 |
| 🇧🇪 An Bheilg | 59% | 56% | 21% | 0.600 |
| 🇩🇰 An Danmhairg | 58% | 52% | 25% | 0.717 |
| 🇸🇪 An tSualainn | 58% | 53% | 25% | 0.680 |
| 🇩🇪 An Ghearmáin | 57% | 52% | 19% | 0.654 |
| 🇬🇷 An Ghréig | 57% | 53% | 24% | 0.681 |
| 🇮🇪 Éire | 57% | 52% | 23% | 0.637 |
| 🇵🇹 An Phortaingéil | 59% | 55% | 23% | 0.643 |
| 🇦🇹 An Ostair | 55% | 51% | 20% | 0.531 |
| 🇸🇰 An tSlóvaic | 55% | 51% | 23% | 0.514 |
| 🇪🇪 An Eastóin | 54% | 50% | 22% | 0.563 |
| 🇸🇮 An tSlóivéin | 53% | 50% | 22% | 0.516 |
| 🇭🇷 An Chróit | 52% | 49% | 25% | 0.462 |
| 🇪🇸 An Spáinn | 52% | 49% | 21% | 0.473 |
| 🇨🇿 An tSeicia | 52% | 49% | 21% | 0.493 |
| 🇱🇻 An Laitvia | 52% | 49% | 21% | 0.509 |
| 🇱🇹 An Liotuáin | 51% | 48% | 21% | 0.466 |
| 🇭🇺 An Ungáir | 50% | 48% | 27% | 0.409 |
| 🇱🇺 Luxemburg | 50% | 47% | 17% | 0.462 |
| 🇨🇾 An Chipir | 49% | 46% | 19% | 0.429 |
| 🇵🇱 An Pholainn | 48% | 45% | 23% | 0.411 |
| 🇷🇴 An Rómáin | 48% | 45% | 19% | 0.398 |
| 🇧🇬 An Bhulgáir | 46% | 43% | 20% | 0.363 |
| 🇲🇹 Málta | 45% | 42% | 18% | 0.359 |
2021–2022 agus 2026: cúiseanna, éifeachtaí, iarmhairtí
Thug an rialtas isteach pragha uasta 480 HUF/liter do bhéir dhéag petreal agus díosel. Bhí an bheart i gníomh ar feadh 13 mhí agus bhain sé torthaí praghanna meánach 21.5% faoi bhun an leibhéal margaidh.
Ar an taobh eile, bhí dhá thaobh ar an bpíog. Méadaigh an tomhas 25% le linn an chaipín phraghanna. Tháinig iomchuir dhíreach ón spáinn chun an Húngáir a athbhlaisceadh. Ba chúis do stoptha feidhmiúcháin réamhchóirigthe na bhfeidhmeanna MOL i Szazhalombatta agus tarraingt siar na n-iompórtálaithe (ar dhiúltaigh siad soláthar ar chailliúint) go dtí gortúcháin throm breosla i bhfómhar 2022. Buaileadh stáisiúin pheitreil bheaga agus neamhspleácha go háirithe crua; bhí a lán acu oidhreachtaithe dúnta.
Thug an caipín phraghanna sábhálaigí suntasacha do thomhaltóirí — i Meitheamh 2022, bhí an pragha 40% níos ísle ná an rialú sintéiseach. Trí bhallraí na dtí agus an talmhaíochta a chosaint, bhain an rialtas tacaíochta pholaiticiúil freisin roimh thogchán Aibreán 2022.
De réir taighde foilsithe ar ScienceDirect (2024), tar éis bhaint an chaipín phraghanna, bhí praghanna peitreal Ungáireach 11.8% níos airde ar an meán ná an rialú sintéiseach — ba é an claon is mó (16.4%) i Eanáir 2023. Ba dhócha go raibh an "aisphreab" seo mar thoradh ar iomlán laghdaithe, colúint thuama, agus titim i líon na stáisiúin ghás neamhspleácha.
Ina theannta sin, rinne an Pharlaimint Eorpach fiosrúchán ar cheart don idirdhealú a tugadh isteach i Bealtaine 2022 (pragha margaidh do bhfeithiclí cláraithe domhanda, pragha caipte do Hungáirígh) a bheith comhthiomsúil le prionsabal na Comhionannais AE.
Tar éis an bhreagair dhíreach chun an Iorán agus an toirmeasc ola Ucránach, chuaigh pragha Brent in aghaidh an bharaille suas go $120. Sheol an rialtas seisiún éigeandála agus ó dhubh ionroinc siad praghanna rialaithe: peitreal ar uasta 595 HUF/liter, díosel ag 615 HUF/liter. Arís, infheidhmithe amháin do bhfeithiclí cláraithe Ungáireach.
Ag an am céanna, laghdaíodh an dualgas acastóir go híosmhéid an AE, agus tugadh toirmeasc ola ar fhionrarc, peitreal agus díosel. Scaoileadh an taiscí straitéiseacha 45-lá freisin.
I 2021, ba chúis do thuairts phraighe an iarratas tar-COVID agus cogadh na Rúise-Ucráin. I 2026, ba chúis do thúis oilrich domhanda an fhlicheas Iorán agus baol Caolána Hormuz. An difríochtaí: anois ní amháin praghanna a bhíonn ard, ach tá riosca soláthair fhisiceach ann freisin — ag déanamh an chaipín phraghanna níos riosce fós, mar nach soláthrós iompórtálaithe ag praghanna faoi bhun an mhargaidh.
Tá an bheart a bhfoilsíodh mí amháin roimh thogchán Aibreán 2026 deacair a scaradh ó ríomh polaitiúil — mar a bhí in 2022. Cosaint thomhaltóir ghearrthéarmach a thagann ar chostas as-struchtúir dhíobhálach fadtéarmacha ar an margadh, ar a íocann tomhaltóirí a deireanach trí phraghanna níos airde tar éis an chaipín a thógáil.
Forbhreathnú ama-bhunaithe, 2010–2026
Bhain caillte ar tháirgeadh ola Libia (1.6 milliún baraille/lá) meánoláin EU ó €1.10 go thairis €1.40/l. Bhain Brent barr os €126/barrel i Aibreán 2011.
Bhí Brent ina sheasamh ag $100–115/barrel. Bhí roinnt ballstát AE ag ardú dualgas acastóir don tiomsúchán buiséid. Ba é seo an tréimhse barr do phraghanna peitreal AE go dtí an dáta (meán €1.55/l).
Thit Brent ó $115 faoi bhun $30/barrel in dhea-bhliain 2016. Thit meánphragha peitreal AE go €1.05/l — an tréimhse is saoire den 2010s. Sa Hungária, bhraistigh tomhaltóirí praghanna faoi bhun 300 HUF/l.
Leis an gcomhaontú gearradh táirgeadh OPEC+, thug Brent ó $55 go $85/barrel. Tháinig praghanna peitreal AE ar ais i raon €1.30–1.50/l. Sa Hungária, bhí an pragha ainmnithe i bpointe níos airde mar gheall ar thitim na forint.
Thit an t-iarratas domhanda go fíor-dhíreach. Chuaigh ola WTI thar a bheith diúltach i Aibreán 2020 ar feadh gairid. Thit meánphragha peitreal AE go €1.05/l. Ba é seo an pointe íseal eile den deich mbliana.
Bhain an tosú eacnamaíochta, cur isteach ar bhrabús slabhra agus méaduithe táirgeadh chúramach OPEC+ isteach i dtúsuithe phraghanna gasta. Chuaigh meánoláin AE thairis €1.40/l. Thug Hungária isteach an chéad chaipín phraghanna i Samhain (480 HUF/l).
Bhain Brent barr os €130/barrel i Márta 2022. Thug meánphragha peitreal AE léim go €1.85/l — pragha stairiúil ard. Thug líon mór ballstát (an Fhrainc, an Pholainc, Hungária) isteach gearradh cánach sealadacha nó caipín phraghanna. Sa Hungária, chuir an caipín 480 HUF/l cosc ar dhraíochta, ach bhain sé easpa breosla air.
Bhaineol praghanna ola domhanda (Brent $75–90/barrel). I bhformhór ballstát AE, tháinig praghanna ar ais do réamh-chaipín leibhéil. Sa Hungária, ar an taobh eile, bhí praghanna i bhfad níos airde ná iomaitheoirí réigiúnacha i ndiaidh bhaint an chaipín — i bpáirt mar gheall ar an bhforint lag, i bpáirt mar gheall ar as-struchtúir margaidh.
Bhog Brent i raon $70–85/barrel. Ba é meánoláin AE timpeall €1.45–1.55/l. Thug praghanna Ungáireach drochshláinte ar an meán réigiúnacha, ach mar gheall ar bhochailecht fhallain an phointe (380–395 HUF/€), leanúint i bpraghanna i dtodhchaí pointe go raibh brí thábhachtach orthu.
Bhain an chogadh ar an Iorán agus baol Caolána Hormuz Brent thairis $120/barrel laistigh de dheireadh seachtaine amháin. Léim meánphragha peitreal AE go €1.65/l. Thug Hungária, an Chróit agus tíortha eile praghanna rialaithe isteach arís.
Thar 16 bliain idir 2010 agus 2026, léirigh praghanna breosla AE athrúchán an-mór: ó íoslíon de €1.05/l (2016, 2020) go barraí os €2.00/l (2022, 2026). Is gné ar chúiseanna an polaitíochta cánach ar an chéad dul síos — raon ábhar cáin iomlán ó 45% (Málta) go 65% (an Ísiltír).
Baineann Hungária leis an tríú páirt níos ísle den AE i dtéarmaí praghanna breosla, a bhhuíochas do dhualgas acastóir réasúnta ísle — ar a spréachta go bhfuil an ráta CBL (27%) an ceann is airde san AE. Ag comparáid le ballstáit AE comharsanach, ba ghnáth do phetreal Ungáireach a bheith is saoire sa réigiún idir 2014 agus 2021.
Is claíomh déghnách den dhá chinn an pragha rialaithe (caipín phraghanna breosla). Go gearrthéarmach, cosnaíonn sé tomhaltóirí agus tugann sé sochair polaitiúila — ach fadtéarmach, causes as-struchtúir margaidh, easpa breosla, titim stáisiúin bheag ghás, agus gealadh pragha fhallain-chaipín (11–16%). Go dtug an rialtas greim ar an bhféar seo arís in 2026, os comhair togchán eile, taispeáint patrún athráithe sé.
Léiríonn praghanna breosla ar deireadh thiar an toradh measctha de fhórsaí margaidh domhanda, polaitíochta cánach AE, gluaiseachtaí ráta malartaithe, agus interventions margaidh rialtais aonair. I dTomhaltóirí Ungáireach, is minic nach uimhir an pragha euro in aghaidh an liter féin an fhachtóir is tábhachtaí, ach an ráta malartaithe forint-euro — ar a bhfuil laghduithe ó 273 (i 2010) go beagnach 390 (i 2026), a chiallaíonn go raibh cailliúint de thart 43% ar a luach ag an bhforint i gcoinne an euro.